UN News Centre
El medio objetivo e informativo
Día 3 y último, Lunes 17 de Octubre
UNDP
The committee gets to a conclusion on development in Mars
The proposals that have been the most outstanding include the exploration of Mars and a creation of a society there, some have said that in the long term there could exist a United Nations with headquarters on Earth but treats Martian affairs.
As for the topic the crisis that landed upon the committee had yesterday, exploitation of Martian land, there are mixed opinions on how the International Community should approach it. Some alleged that exploiting the resources available in Mars for their usage on Earth would be the most intelligent solution, while others stated that it is not a good idea seeing that it is our mission to learn as much as possible but not to drain another planet.
At the moment the two final blocks headed by the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Belgium, the other one leaded by the French Republic and Romania. The draft resolutions are to be voted in the next and final session off the committee.
By: Andrea Jaramillo
OMPI
En el último día de PUJMUN 2016 el comité de OMPI tuvo que enfrentar la crisis anunciada el día de ayer pero que por motivos de tiempo no pudo ser solucionada, analizada y desarrollada. En horas de la mañana después de muchas intervenciones de los delegados generando debate sobre qué debería hacer la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual ante esta situación, se decidió hacer un comunicado de prensa colectivo, debido a que las capacidades jurídicas de la organización no pueden actuar referente a este tema, pero si dar elementos técnicos y de referencia para posibles soluciones.
La sesión se basó en tiempos de lobby extendidos para la correcta redacción del comunicado de prensa que debía ser enviado al Consejo de Seguridad con prontitud debido a la gravedad de la situación presentada por la crisis. Una vez elaborados distintos comunicados de prensa por varios de los delegados presentes, se hizo una revisión de estos para culminar con intervenciones generales que mostraban la perspectiva de cada uno de los delegados en cuanto al tema y su solución. La sesión fue interrumpida por el break.
Security Council
During the last day of debate, the session started with the discussion of terrorism through a speakers list. Different delegations agreed saying that the measures that have been taken by the international community, in order to face terrorism during the last years have been ineffective. Therefore, the delegations started proposing new ways of fighting terrorism. However, some delegations expressed that there was a need to clarify and state a new definition for the word terrorism, since the current one excludes the civilian population and the new ways of terrorism, this proposal was primarily promoted by countries such as United States and Japan.
After the different positions were stated, a moderated cacus started in order to debate the ideas previously stated and propose solutions. France took the lead in this debate, by saying that the current approach to terrorism was not correct, so it proposed to stop thinking of terrorism as a transnational phenomenon and start thinking of it as a transnational crime, since this would let this sort of crimes to be punished by the International Criminal Court. However, countries such as China and Russia opposed to this measure, the latter arguing that it would not let Russian terrorists to be judged by the International Criminal Court, since this would violate the state's sovereignty.
Afterwards, some countries started establishing clear proposals with the aim of fighting terrorism, United States had a three-way proposal which focused on the use of force with a campaign for suppression and special operations, operations other than war with undercover infiltrations and use of media, and development programs by building states capacity. There was another proposal by the French and the British delegation, which focused on a financial approach regarding the financing in terrorism by methods such as money laundering, and a legal approach, by recommending an inclusion of a definition of terrorism on the Rome Statute, with a subjective element related to ideology and an objective element focused on harm or terror against civilians, damage to public and private property and sated stability.
When the debate finished and unmoderated cacus started, so that the delegations had some time in order to negotiate and discus the different proposals and join the different perspectives in two resolutions.
By: Valeria Nieto
Arab League
Pedro Bernal, one of the Presidents of The Arab League talked about the development of the commission in today's session. Download the audio down below.
Día 2, Domingo 16 de Octubre
UNDP
The United Nations Development Program received a crisis this morning stating that life on Mars had been found sixteen years ago but nobody disclosed that information as well as the fact that private companies had founded the researches on Martian land. The countries affected by this information were United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Federative Republic of Brazil, the People's Republic of China, the Russian Federation and the State of Israel.
To solve the crisis, delegates have proposed a plan of action divided in three steps, short, medium and long term. Meanwhile, some delegations decided to discard this information seeing it came from BBC News and NASA with an unreliable source. Others have tried to point fingers and try to find the companies involved in the funding of the research; nevertheless in this matter not much has been proposed.
On the other hand, delegates are keen to accept the idea of exploration in Mars and use the resources already existing, although it has not been said yet which organizations are to be used for this means. The delegations involved directly in the crisis have opted for defending their Space Agencies.
The highlight of the day was the breaking of relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the United States of America. In the second session the delegations gathered up into three blocks during lobby time and wrote their working papers.
By: Andrea Jaramillo
Corte Constitucional
Hoy la Corte Constitucional trato los caso planteados. En primer lugar se llevó a cabo una sección donde los magistrados discutieron acerca del caso del señor Mario en contra de Hive Call Center; los magistrados discutieron varios puntos acerca de este caso en primer lugar si existía o no un discriminacion hacia el señor Mario por su condición sexual. Posteriormente dialogaron acerca de cómo se le debería llamar al accionante si Mario o María. Finalmente procedieron a dar una solución al problema.
Frente al segundo caso propuesto de la acción pública de inconstitucionalidad del Derecho Privado, se llevó a cabo una discusión más controversial acerca de temas tales como la evaluación del daño extracontractual, la prelación de créditos y la omisión legislativa del Congreso de la República frente a este tema.
Por: Maria Juliana Herrera
Corte Internacional de Justicia
Finalmente en la última sesión del día los magistrados entraron en una deliberación donde discutieron la pertinencia de las pruebas presentadas. En relación a la pruebas presentados por la defensa chilena se dio una discusión en cuanto a la pertinencia de estas pruebas. Y en el caso boliviano se entraron a analizar dos pruebas Nota 686 del 19 de diciembre de 1975 (anexo 13) ya que se discutió si podía tomarse como evidencia de una obligación debido a que no era totalmente pública. Pero el tiempo no alcanzó para analizar la Nota 9 del 20 de Junio de 1950.
Por: Maria Juliana Herrera
Security Council
Uno de los mayores problemas discutidos en el comité, fue la poca relación que tiene Marruecos con los Saharawis, cosa que eventualmente podría traer inconvenientes étnicos y culturales irreparables. Además, en el territorio se encuentran diferentes tribus nómadas como lo son la Terra Nulis, lo que dificultaría el proceso. Es de carácter imperativo el buen manejo del territorio y el control pues esta es una zona, que según delegaciones como Estados Unidos, en donde el terrorismo puede nacer y llevarse a cabo, amenazando la estabilidad diplomática mundial.
MINURSO es necesario, pues Marruecos, como nación independiente y soberana, debe decidir sobre su futuro y sobre su territorio. Ahora bien, delegaciones como la Rusa, enfatizan en la poca eficacia que este ha tenido, buscando mejorarlo.
Las cabezas de bloque, Estados Unidos de América y El reino Unido de Gran bretaña e Irlanda del norte, presentaron el papel de trabajo 1.1.1 haciendo referencia a puntos claves como el desarme total y buscando la posible futura negociación entre el Frente Polisario y Marruecos.
Se recibieron enmiendas, y aunque se modificó una cláusula, el papel de resolución pasó, lo que demostró el poder diplomático que tiene el Consejo de seguridad en temas tan complicados como este. Se celebra en la sesión la gran capacidad de los delegados para llegar a acuerdos y trabajar en equipo.
Por: Mariana Rodríguez Akli
DISEC
The first committee takes on the topic of illegal nuclear programs
During the second day of debate, the topic A was closed after the two working papers written yesterday passed as resolutions for the committee. Today, the delegates took their positions regarding the second topic: efforts to attain the regulatory measures upon illegal nuclear programs.
According to the delegate of Honduras, the countries that have illegal nuclear programs are willing to try for those to become legal while the five permanent members were strongly against this proposition alleging that the power balance must be maintained. Blocks were starting to form dividing those that want to become nuclear states, such as Israel, the Democratic Popular Republic of Korea, Iran and India among others, and those that will not let it happen. There are four blocks, three of them sharing the same ideas but with different exterior policies.
The Federative Republic of Brazil and the Russian Federation, the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, State of Japan and the Republic of Colombia head the first three blocks; Ukraine and the Republic of Turkey lead the last one.
As for the chair, they have seen the improvement with proposing solutions and in foreign policies in the committee during this second day. The block started redacting papers during the second session and its expected of them to have them ready for voting process during third session.
By: Andrea Jaramillo
OMPI
Este fue el comunicado:
Tragedia en la Península Jilin, representa un ataque directo al patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad
En horas de la mañana del
domingo, en la península de Jilin, lo que se conoce en día como el territorio
de Manchuria, al nordeste de China y donde se concentra la minoría coreana que
representa el 0,2% de la población
China, se ha presentado una lamentable tragedia que no ocurría desde hace mucho
tiempo en la región.
El grupo étnico coreano sufrió un atentado a manos de un grupo terrorista no reconocido, en medio de la danza de los campesinos de esta etnia considerada como patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad desde el año 2009. Con respecto a los turistas europeos que se encontraban presenciado la danza a la hora del atentado, no hay reportes exactos de la cantidad de heridos pero se presume que es una cifra enorme. En cuanto a los campesinos que se encontraban representando la danza, el equipo de la BBC informa que todo el grupo fue cruelmente asesinado, situación muy complicada, ya que esta minoría representaba más de la mitad de la etnia para la posible herencia y permanencia de esta danza con el correr de los años.
Aunque aún no se tiene un conocimiento exacto de quienes podrían conformar el grupo terrorista, se sabe que tienen en su poder a 10 chamanes Jaguares de Yuruparí cuyos creyentes están asentados en la cuenca del Río Vaupés en el territorio de la Amazonía Colombo Brasilera, y cuyos conocimientos son considerados patrimonio inmaterial de la humanidad. El grupo dejó un comunicado donde dejan una amenaza de un nuevo ataque en la próximas horas, seguiremos informando.
Por: Directora UN News Centre, Mariana Muñoz.
SOCHUM
During today's first session of SOCHUM's commission the delegates discussed during an unmoderanted cacus the different proposals stated on the working papers which were discussed and presented during yesterday´s third session.
There were three working papers, the first one lead by Belgium and Poland suggested the creation of an individual committee joining all the countries in order to address the problem internationally. The second one lead by Russia and Sudan suggested the creation of an agency with three different levels: an international one, a regional one and a local one, as spaces focused on debating and analyzing cases of human rights violations against journalists. The local level would have four members of each country´s journalist association and five members of the present government, with the aim of an easier implementation of the different propositions. The third one lead by United States and Japan, proposed the creation of a legal frame focused on Journalist protection in each country, with a legal advice given by the Human Rights Rapporteur
As the aim of the commission was creating a single solid solution, the block of United States and Japan opened to the possibility of hearing and acquiring ideas from other countries, since the aim of the debate was discussing the differences between the working papers in order to join them or to create a new one in consensus. Therefore, the debate revolved around key aspects regarding journalism protection.
Delegations such as Venezuela and North Korea focused on the need for a definition of journalists, meaning knowing who would be protected in cases of aggression towards media, this idea was supported mainly by middle east countries, since they have been accused of having cases of violations of human rights against journalists within their territories. In addition, Belgium and Poland tried to establish a conversation with Russia and Sudan with the aim of joining their two proposals by discussing the differences between them and how these could they could overcome them.
When the time for debate finished, after discussing the differences and having a more unified proposal, the delegations had some lobby time in order to join together and present a more solid idea. That's how the first session ended before going to break time.
By: Valeria Nieto
Arab League
One of the presidents of The Arab League, Tomás Londoño Mora told UN News Center what happened in the commission's session. Download the audio down below.
However, the commission's delegates also began to treat the second subject of the guide, which is the reform of the Arab League charter with a speakers list who start to giving a perspective on such topic.
Día 1, Sábado 15 de Octubre
DISEC
First committee debates solutions on small arms trafficking in Central and South America
The Disarmament and Security Committee (DISEC) started its first day of debate with the opening speeches in which all the countries stated their concern and preoccupation over the fact that the issues that the committee is addressing are of relevance to everyone. The topic A, Illegal commercialization of small arms in Central and South America, was the one elected for today's debate. The delegates were discussing how the problem has evolved and how to approach it. Some said that it should be a global focus while others proposed a local or regional approach.
It was emphasized that one cause of the problem is corruption, and it must be eradicated within each country as well as the illegal trade of small arms. Iran showed its concern, as "we don't know how the black market moves". The United Kingdom delegate stated: "we know where are the small arms, but we don't exactly know where they come from", this was also one of the points treated during the first debate while Poland proposed to address the problematic with ammunition.
After coffee break, the committee started worrying over the maintenance of the sovereignty of countries. The Israeli delegation proposed the rise of gun prices in the black market while Libya opted for proposing three different approaches to the topic, global, regional and local. Romania proposed to strengthen relations with the affected countries.
Venezuela demonstrated its indignation towards the fact that some countries were not taking enough responsibility for the mass production of small arms; Qatar proposed to identify the highways in which small arms are traded.
The proposal that has been supported by almost every country is that of tracking and registration, Pakistan questioned this solution having doubts about the process. During Lobby time three blocks were created, afterwards the writing of draft resolutions began.
The first block headed by the Republic of Colombia and Ukraine, the second block led by United States of America and the State of Japan, finally the last block in charge of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Federal Republic of Germany all presented their working papers regarding the topic A.
By: Andrea Jaramillo Caro
Corte Constitucional: Caso 1 - Landinez vs Hive Call Center
Hoy la corte constitucional inició con una audiencia en la que se presentó el caso de tutela del señor Mario contra la empresa Hive Call Center. La representación del accionante alegaba que el señor fue despedido debido a su nueva identidad sexual.Mientras tanto los representantes de la compañía alegaron que la mujer, ahora hombre, se había sido despedida por mala conducta en el trabajo y evidenciaron que se habían encontrado que él accionante consumía alcohol en horas laborales.Los magistrados preguntaron si este caso no correspondería a una demanda laboral y cuestionaron el porqué de no acudir agotar en primera instancia este recurso; a lo que los abogados en representación del señor Mario respondieron que ante la corte constitucional pueden llevarse caso donde haya un daño irremediable . Posteriormente los magistrados entraron en sección en donde nadie puede entrar.
En una nueva audiencia los abogados tuvieron que aclarar algunas cuestiones. En primer lugar se les pidió que esclarecieran que daño irremediable le causó el despido al señor Mario; a lo cual la abogados del acusado alegaron que todos los hecho hacen que sea un daño irremediable. Los hechos que se presentan los siguientes : la empresa Hive Call Center cambio de los baños unisex a baños separados, el cambio de cargo durante el cambio de género del señor Mario y finalmente el despido del accionante. Contraparte de la empresa argumentó que el cambio de cargo no estaba relacionada con el cambio de género, que como contratante este tiene la potestad de cambiar de cargo a sus empleados; además agregó que los resultado laborales del señor Mario aumentaron. Por otro lado frente a al cambio de baños se dice que fue por petición de los clientes que se hizo ese cambio.
Por otro lado se trató de aclarar el argumento de discriminación, para lo que la representación del demandante arguyó que es muy difícil probar un hecho de discriminación y que el cambio de cargo se dio confidencialmente cuando el señor Mario estaba cambiando su sexo. Los abogados de la empresa respondieron que no existía un acto de discriminación ya que no se le estaba negando la entrada a alguno de los baños de la empresa. En cuanto a despido se dio por causales de mala conducta.
Por: Maria Juliana Herrera
Consejo Europeo
Escucha en el link de abajo las palabras del presidente del Consejo Europeo después de terminada la primera sesión del comité.
Corte Constitucional: Caso 2 - Acción pública de inconstitucionalidad frente al derecho privado
El Presidente de la Corte Constitucional, Julian Garceranth dio un pequeño informe a cerca de lo ocurrido respecto a este tema, escúchalo descargando el archivo que se encuentra abajo.
SOCHUM
During the first day of SOCHUM´s commission. The session started with the lecture of interesting opening speeches, in which, in overall countries focused on acknowledging the lack of freedom of speech in journalism, and the problems faced related with children exploitation in European countries, which are the two main topics of the commission.
After having a speakers list on Journalism and Freedom of Press, the whole commission agreed saying that this was the most relevant topic, and therefore should be the first one discussed during the commission. Thus, the agenda was opened on topic A-Journalism and Freedom of Press. During the first unmoderated cacus different delegations expressed their concern in terms of manipulation of media and how this was limiting press action in many countries. This has been seen in countries were belligerent groups are constantly persecuting journalist, and also in countries in which authoritarian governments repress media for their own benefit. The debate revolved around the need to recognize violations of human rights in different countries, in which freedom of expression was being suppressed and people were being unable to speak freely. Also in pointing out the manipulation of media and how this was resulting in misinformation inside some countries.
During the next unmoderated cacus possible solutions wereprAs some possible solutions, delegates proposed modifying each country´s Constitution, so that media action would be regulated by laws that would take into account the national security, culture and religion of each State. Also, the creation of international institutions which would regulate media action. However, some others disagreed, arguing the need to let each nation to legalize its own free press with more specific laws. With an aim of setting some common ground some delegates opened to the possibility of a balance between national interests and freedom of speech.
Therefore, the delegates proceeded to construct solutions based on mutual cooperation. The first plan was given by the delegations of Japan and United States, which proposed the creation of a committee to evaluate cases of journalist repression. This committee would focus on legal advisoring. On the other hand, the delegations of Russia, Sudan, Belarus and Mexico proposed the creation of local committees composed by journalists and members of the government to judge cases of press censorship.
By: Valeria Nieto
ECOFIN
El segundo comité debate las economías emergentes
El Comité de Asuntos Económicos y Financieros comenzó por la lectura de discursos de apertura en los cuales los países se mostraron abiertos al dialogo y a la solución de los problemas tratados en este comité para crear una economía mas estable. Se procedió a un debate formal para la decisión del tema a tratar el día de hoy. La República Italiana y República Helénica se presentaron a favor del tema A, mientras el Estado de Japón y Estados Unidos de América abogaron por el tópico B. Al final el tema, Plan de contingencia para evitar el efecto de contagio por la caída de economías emergentes, fue elegido para el debate.
La delegación de Portugal considera que las crisis son repetitivas y que las medidas utilizadas no piensan a largo plazo, Panamá defendió a las economías emergentes diciendo que no es solo su culpa y que las crisis tienen un efecto dominó. Se habló de la diversificación de las economías y el consumo local de producto interno como posibles soluciones. La primera obtuvo diferentes reacciones del comité entre las cuales sobresalieron la oposición y cuestionamiento de esta medida. Por otro lado, también se hablo de la competencia y como esta afecta las economías emergentes.
Se tocó el tema de la situación de China y la manera en que pone en problemas a la economía mundial. México se opuso rotundamente a tratar este tema diciendo que este comité no vino a salvar a China. También se dijo que una única solución no es aplicable para todo el mundo y es más viable proponer diferentes soluciones a este problema.
En la segunda sesión se habló de cómo las economías emergentes no se han diversificado y como la globalización es un problema para el avance de estas naciones. La república italiana propuso acciones internacionales en contra de quienes tomen acciones coercitivas ilegales. Por otro lado la República Popular Democrática de Corea propuso una causa al problema y es el endeudamiento excesivo. Por último Rumania tomó la palabra sobre el tema de los efectos de contagio.
Antes de finalizar la sesión se hizo un tiempo de lobby para afianzar posiciones. En el video a continuación los presidentes dan un resumen de los acontecimientos de la tercera sesión.
OMPI
Claudia Navarro, Presidente del comité de OMPI da un resumen de la primera sesión y su perspectiva general referente a los delegados y los temas tratados durante la mañana. Haz click en el link de abajo para escucharla.
ARAB LEAGUE
Corte Internacional de Justicia
Por: Maria Juliana Herrera